ABSTRACT
Lung cancer， a malignancy with high incidence rate and mortality rate， is a major threat to human life and health. At present， the common methods for the treatment of lung cancer include surgical resection， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， but these methods generally have the problems of severe toxic/side effect and high treatment cost. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has a history of more than 2 000 years of application in China and has its unique advantages in the treatment of tumors. Modern pharmacological experiments have found that TCM can inhibit tumor growth， prolong patients' survival， and improve clinical symptoms and patients' quality of life by inducing tumor cell apoptosis， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， and reducing tumor cell drug resistance. Apoptosis is a process of spontaneous programmed cell death， which is closely related to the occurrence and development of the tumor. Studies have shown that many Chinese medicines can inhibit the development of lung cancer by inducing apoptosis. This study searched， analyzed， and summarized the available papers on the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer by inducing apoptosis. It is found that Chinese medicine induces lung cancer cell apoptosis mainly by regulating apoptosis-related factors and apoptosis-related signaling pathways ［inhibitor of apoptosis proteins （IAPs）， B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， p53 protein， the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase （SMAC）/direct IAP-binding protein with low isoelectric point （DIABLO）， extrinsic apoptotic pathway， endogenous mitochondrial pathway， Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， and phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. In addition， the Wnt/β-catenin/survivin signaling pathway and the Notch signaling pathway also play an important role in inducing apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
cloud point extraction, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, anti-AIDS drugs, serum@#【Objective】 Cloud point extraction （CPE） combined with hydrophilic interaction （HILIC） was employed to simultaneously determine the anti-AIDS drugs in the serum of rats. 【Methods】Triton X-114 was used as extraction medium to extract four nucleoside antiviral drugs from rat serum. Response surface methodology was employed to further optimize CPE parameters. The content of four anti-AIDS drugs in rat serum was simultaneously determined by HILIC method.【Results】 The optimized conditions were as follows：5%（w/v）Triton X- 114，0.3 mol/L NaCl，PH 5.0， the water- bath equilibrium 20 min at 40 ℃ . Under optimized extraction conditions，the extraction rates of the four anti- AIDS drugs were all over 85.0%，which was pretty close to the predicted result. The extracted samples were analyzed under the optimal chromatographic conditions. The recovery rate was over 75.0% and RSD was less than 5.0%. The optimized chromatographic conditions were as follows：Ze month- CN（250 × 4.6 mm，5 micron）as stationary phase，mobile phase （methanol：acetonitrile：ammonium acetate buffer）（5∶5∶90），column temperature 35 ℃，detection wavelength 275 nm，flow rate 0.5 mL/min.【Conclusion】The developed method of CPE combined with HILIC can enrich four anti-AIDS drugs in rat serum ，which is simple，environment- friendly and can be used to accurately determine the blood concentration of four anti-AIDS drugs in rat serum，providing a new method for clinical blood concentration monitoring.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study organochlorine pesticide and heavy metal residuals of Chrysanthemum morifolium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of organochlorine pesticide residuals was determined by chromatography, Cu, Pb, Cd was determined by AAS, and As, Hg was determined by AFS.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The contents of organochlorine pesticide and heavy metals residuals are up to "Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal plants & Preprations" (MOFTEC, 2001), but the contents are different among four cultivars clearly.</p>